Introduction: Constraint induced movement therapy (CIMT) is an effective intervention for arm recovery post-stroke. CIMT is primarily delivered face to face, limiting accessibility for stroke survivors and requiring significant therapist time. We aimed to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of delivering CIMT via telehealth (TeleCIMT) to address these barriers.
Methods: We used a prospective mixed method, single blinded design. Adult stroke survivors with mild to moderate upper limb impairment were recruited from four outpatient clinics and received a 3 week, semi-supervised TeleCIMT program. Therapists provided TeleCIMT within usual care, supported by an implementation package designed using the Behaviour Change Wheel. Programs consisted of at least 2 hours of daily practice, 6 hours of mitt wear and a transfer package. Baseline, post-intervention and one month follow-up outcomes and adverse events were recorded. Acceptability was evaluated through participant interviews. Data were analysed using inferential statistics (quantitative) and thematic analysis (qualitative).
Results: Nineteen participants were recruited; 18 completed post-program measures. Most participants (n=15, 83.3%), completed more than 80% of planned intervention (> 24 hours of practice); all remaining participants (n=3, 16.7%) achieved >20 hours. Participants demonstrated significant improvements on the Action Research Arm Test (MD 6.3, 95%CI 1.3-11.3), Box and Block Test (MD 5 blocks, 95%CI 0.5-8.8) and self-reported amount of use and quality of arm movement (AoU MD 0.8, 95%CI 0.3-1.3; QoM MD 0.7, 95%CI 0.2-1.3; all p<0.05). No significant differences in dexterity, grip strength and quality of life were observed. TeleCIMT was acceptable to stroke survivors. Additional support for technology set up and recording practice were suggested. Access to therapist coaching was essential to maintain motivation.
Conclusion: TeleCIMT is feasible and acceptable and may address inequities in accessing evidence-based stroke rehabilitation.
Relevance to clinical practice: TeleCIMT has potential to be implemented routinely in practice to overcome barriers to access.